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New Establishment – ZURICH AZKA Corner at International Islamic College (IIC)

  • September 12, 2025
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Kuala Lumpur, 12 September 2025 – Akademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ), in collaboration with Zurich General Takaful Malaysia Berhad, has successfully established its latest ZURICH-AZKA Corner, strategically located at the International Islamic College (IIC), Taman Batu Muda, Batu Caves. The newly set-up and fully furnished corner is designed to be a vibrant hub that nurtures Islamic social finance literacy, strengthens academic engagement, and promotes community outreach. This initiative continues AZKA’s mission to transform higher education spaces into accessible platforms for knowledge-sharing on zakat, waqf, and Islamic financial management. A Modern, Engaging Learning Space The ZURICH-AZKA Corner at IIC features a thoughtfully designed environment that includes: Custom-made bookshelves, island counters, and modular storage units Comfortable FRAGOLA sofas, modern lighting, and Nordic carpeting Smart Android TV with live broadcasting capability Green plants, signage, and wall designs reflecting Islamic finance themes This aesthetic and functional transformation demonstrates how zakat-linked corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds can be channelled into impactful infrastructure that not only enriches minds, but also instils enduring values. A Strategic Partnership The collaboration between Zurich Takaful and AZKA-PPZ reflects a shared commitment to empowering students and academic communities with literacy on zakat, waqf, and Islamic finance. With IIC being a higher learning institution under IIUM Holdings, this initiative ensures that future graduates are exposed to both academic knowledge and practical insights into Islamic social finance. Growing the AZKA Corner Network To date, 19 AZKA Corners (including this) have been established across Malaysia, each tailored to support academic institutions in fostering financial literacy and community engagement. The ZURICH-AZKA Corner at IIC further strengthens this growing network, enhancing accessibility and visibility for zakat education in a youthful and dynamic setting. A Symbol of Impactful Collaboration This project was made possible through Zurich Takaful’s support, utilising zakat wakalah funds for infrastructure development. It stands as a symbol of impactful collaboration where academia and corporate values meet for the greater good of the ummah. 📍 Location: International Islamic College (IIC), Taman Batu Muda, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur🎉 Completion Date: 12 September 2025 (Launch TBC) 🤝 Supported by: Zurich General Takaful Malaysia Berhad, IIC & AZKA-PPZ

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KEIZAC 2025: Exploring Innovation, Collaboration, and New Frontiers in Zakat

  • September 11, 2025
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Langkawi Island, Kedah, 9–11 September 2025 – The 4th Kedah International Zakat Conference (KEIZAC 2025), themed “AI-Driven Innovation in Islamic Social Economy: Empowering A Better Ummah”, gathered global experts, scholars, and practitioners to discuss the future of zakat, waqf, and Islamic social finance in the age of digital transformation. This prestigious event served as a platform to exchange critical ideas on the role of technology, research, and collaboration in shaping the Islamic social economy, while also addressing challenges such as governance, digital integrity, and sustainable community empowerment. AZKA’s Strong Presence at KEIZAC 2025 Akademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ) was actively engaged throughout KEIZAC 2025. Our involvement underscored AZKA’s role as a knowledge leader and research hub for advancing zakat literacy, policy, and practice. The conference highlighted how institutions like AZKA are essential in bridging academic research with real-world solutions, ensuring that zakat and waqf continue to remain relevant and impactful in today’s rapidly evolving environment. AZKA’s participation also aligned with our ongoing mission: to empower society through impactful research, collaboration with universities and corporates, and advocacy for zakat as a dynamic instrument of socio-economic justice. Paper Presentation: Zakat on LTAT Contributions: Ownership, Eligibility, and Implementation Challenges As part of the parallel sessions under the theme Zakat, Waqf, Sadaqah & Infaq Fund Management and Distribution, I had the privilege of presenting my paper titled “Zakat on LTAT Contributions: Ownership, Eligibility, and Implementation Challenges”. This paper explored the emerging issue of zakat on Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera (LTAT) contributions — a topic that has long been under-discussed in the zakat discourse. Key insights shared include: Ownership Questions: At what stage do contributors truly ‘own’ their LTAT savings, and how does this impact zakat liability? Eligibility (Asnaf & Muzakki): Determining who is obligated and under what conditions zakat should be levied. Implementation Challenges: The lack of fatwa guidance, limited public awareness, and operational complexities that need to be addressed before any formal imposition of zakat on LTAT can take place. I emphasised that collaboration, clear guidelines, and structured awareness campaigns are essential for strengthening the future implementation of zakat on LTAT. Only with these in place can the potential of this zakat category be fully realised for the benefit of the ummah. Key Takeaways from the Conference KEIZAC 2025 was rich with knowledge-sharing. Among the highlights: Digitalisation of Zakat & Waqf: Institutions showcased blockchain applications, AI-driven beneficiary profiling, and real-time zakat dashboards, proving how technology enhances trust and transparency. Shariah and Social Justice: Speakers stressed the importance of maqasid al-shariah in guiding innovation so that digital tools empower, rather than compromise, social equity. Global Collaboration: Participants from Indonesia, Singapore, Nigeria, Thailand, Jordan, and beyond shared successful models of zakat and waqf, inspiring new opportunities for Malaysia’s institutions. Green Zakat and Sustainability: Emerging frameworks such as the Green Zakat Framework emphasised the need to link zakat with climate resilience and ecological balance. These sessions reinforced AZKA’s conviction that innovation must go hand-in-hand with Islamic principles, ensuring that technology serves humanity and faith. Moving Forward AZKA’s involvement in KEIZAC 2025 reaffirmed our commitment to thought leadership, research excellence, and practical engagement in shaping the future of zakat. The discussions and networking opportunities provided fresh momentum to explore: New zakat categories such as LTAT contributions, FCPO, and Sukuk, Deeper integration of AI and big data into zakat systems, and Stronger partnerships across academic, corporate, and policy institutions. Through initiatives like KEIZAC, AZKA continues to champion the vision of zakat not only as a religious obligation but also as a transformative force for economic resilience, social justice, and ummah empowerment. ✨ We extend our gratitude to Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK) for hosting this impactful conference, and to all knowledge partners for their invaluable insights. AZKA looks forward to continued collaboration and collective progress in advancing the Islamic social economy. 📑 For those interested in exploring the full presentation slides, the materials can be accessed via the following link:👉 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1E4jdP4v8zTInx0G-J0XdyniqoXQLUlgO?usp=drive_link Image Gallery

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WEBINAR – AI: Menguasai Atau Dikuasai

  • September 6, 2025
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Akademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ) sekali lagi tampil dengan siri AZKA Live Webinar yang penuh nilai ilmu dan bermanfaat untuk masyarakat. Kali ini, topik yang akan dibincangkan amat relevan dengan arus semasa iaitu: 🎙️ “AI: Menguasai Atau Dikuasai?” Mengapa Topik Ini Penting? Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) kini bukan lagi sesuatu yang asing. Ia sudah mula meresap ke dalam kehidupan seharian – daripada cara kita bekerja, belajar, berkomunikasi, hingga ke aspek ibadah dan pengurusan zakat. Persoalannya, adakah kita benar-benar menguasai teknologi ini atau sekadar menjadi pengguna pasif yang akhirnya dikuasai olehnya? Webinar ini akan membuka ruang perbincangan tentang bagaimana AI membentuk masa depan, potensi yang boleh dimanfaatkan, serta risiko yang perlu ditangani dengan bijaksana. Barisan Panel Jemputan Untuk memberi pencerahan mendalam, webinar ini akan menampilkan dua tokoh berpengalaman dalam bidang teknologi dan digital: 👩‍🏫 Prof. Ts. Dr. Norita Md NorwawiFelo Akademik 🧑‍🏫 En. Mohd Hazrul bin Mat TajuddinTechnology & Digital Solutions Specialist, Gig Venture Sesi ini akan dimoderatorkan oleh:🎤 Nurul Shuhada Binti MamatAkademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ) Sertai, Fahami, dan Kuasai Jangan lepaskan peluang untuk menyertai sesi perbincangan yang dijangka akan mencabar minda dan membuka perspektif baharu tentang peranan AI dalam kehidupan kita. 📅 Tarikh: Khamis, 11 September 2025🕰️ Masa: 2.00 petang – 4.00 petang🌐 Platform: AZKA Live Webinar Sebagai galakan tambahan, peserta juga akan menerima sijil penyertaan. Daftar di sini: https://forms.gle/i5AbGqhZ2C22qpM69 Mari bersama-sama kita membongkar rahsia bagaimana AI boleh dimanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan bukan menjadi alat yang menguasai kita. Lets Watch Siaran rakaman di bawah:

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Perkongsian GERAN INSENTIF PENYELIAAN (GIP): “UNLOCKING RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION OPPORTUNITIES”

  • September 3, 2025
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Assalamualaikum Dan Salam sejahtera,Prof/Prof Madya/Dr/Tuan/Puan, Dengan segala hormatnya BPJI UiTMCT Dan Perpustakaan Cendekiawan ingin menjemput semua warga UiTMCT untuk menyertai program seperti maklumat di bawah: Nama program: Perkongsian GERAN INSENTIF PENYELIAAN (GIP) : “UNLOCKING RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION OPPORTUNITIES”Tarikh: 8 September 2025 (Isnin)Masa: 10.00 pagi – 12.00 tengah hariTempat: Sudut AZKA @ Library Community Engagement , Perpustakaan Cendekiawan UiTMCT Kampus Dungun Live YouTube channel: Perpustakaan Cendekiawan https://www.youtube.com/@perpustakaancendekiawan3682 Penceramah: Ir. Ts. Dr. Nurbaiti Binti Wahid , Pensyarah Kanan UiTMCT Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik LATAR BELAKANG PROGRAM:Program ini merupakan inisiatif untuk memperkaya pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam penyelidikan dan penerbitan. Dengan mengundang seorang pensyarah yang juga merupakan penyelia pelajar Pascasiswazah yang telah memenangi Geran Insentif Penyeliaan (GIP) dan FRGS, webinar ini bertujuan untuk berbagi strategi dan pengalaman dalam memilih dan mengembangkan topik penelitian yang relevan dan inovatif. Melalui sesi ini, diharapkan para peserta dapat memperoleh wawasan yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana menghasilkan penyelidikan dan penerbitan yang berkualiti dan memenuhi keperluan universiti dan industri. Semua dijemput hadir.Jam latihan staf UiTM disediakan. Sekian, terima kasih Lets Watch Siaran rakaman di bawah:

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Courtesy visit from AAGBS, UiTM Shah Alam

  • September 2, 2025
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2 September 2025 – Pusat Pungutan Zakat – Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (PPZ-MAIWP) had the honour of receiving a courtesy visit from the Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School (AAGBS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. The visit was aimed at exploring opportunities for strategic collaboration between the two institutions. Purpose of the Visit The courtesy call served as a platform to discuss potential collaborations in several areas, including: Community development, particularly in nurturing awareness of zakat and strengthening the culture of knowledge. Education, through joint research initiatives, knowledge-sharing, and professional training programmes. Social well-being, with initiatives designed to provide direct impact to communities in need. Such collaborations are expected to bring benefits not only to the Federal Territories but also to contribute meaningfully to the socio-economic development of Muslims at the national level. A Meaningful Discussion During the session, both parties exchanged views on areas where their strengths could complement one another. AAGBS, as a centre of postgraduate excellence in management and Islamic finance, and PPZ-MAIWP, as a professional zakat collection and management institution, each bring unique expertise that can be synergised. The collaboration is envisioned to pave the way for joint research, the production of academic publications, and capacity-building programmes that will further strengthen the ecosystem of zakat and Islamic finance. Looking Ahead PPZ-MAIWP welcomes this engagement with AAGBS UiTM Shah Alam as an important first step towards building a stronger strategic partnership. With shared commitment, both parties hope to make this collaboration a catalyst for future high-impact initiatives. May this partnership continue to bring benefits to society and serve as a model of synergy between academia and zakat institutions in advancing community development.

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PPZ-MAIWP Supports World Zakat & Waqf Forum 2025 as Corporate Partner

  • August 27, 2025
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Kuala Lumpur | 27 August 2025 – The global stage for zakat and waqf is set to shine in Malaysia this October. PPZ-MAIWP joined the Sponsorship Handover Ceremony & Press Conference for the World Zakat & Waqf Forum (WZWF) 2025, held at Seri Pacific Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, and officiated by YB Senator Dato’ Setia Dr. Haji Mohd Na’im Mokhtar, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department (Religious Affairs). The ceremony formally recognised the commitment of institutions and corporate partners that will make this international gathering possible. Among the main sponsors for WZWF 2025 are: Pusat Pungutan Zakat – MAIWP (PPZ-MAIWP) Kumpulan MBSB Yayasan Waqaf Malaysia (YWM) Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK) BERNAS Malaysian Kuwaiti Investment Co. Sdn Bhd (MKIC) Yayasan Infaq ANGKASA A Global Platform in Kuching The World Zakat & Waqf Forum 2025 will take place on 13–15 October 2025 in Kuching, Sarawak, carrying the theme “New Global Zakat & Waqf Order.” As the 14th Annual Meeting & International Conference, WZWF 2025 will convene scholars, policymakers, and practitioners from across the world to explore how zakat and waqf can serve as powerful instruments for: Sustainable development Social justice Economic empowerment It is an opportunity for Malaysia to showcase its leadership in zakat and waqf management, while also learning from global best practices. PPZ-MAIWP’s Commitment For PPZ-MAIWP, being a corporate partner in this prestigious event is more than a sponsorship — it is a statement of commitment. As one of the country’s leading zakat collection institutions, PPZ-MAIWP recognises the importance of contributing to global conversations that shape the future of Islamic social finance. Through its research arm, Akademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ), PPZ-MAIWP continues to produce knowledge, publications, and initiatives that inform practice and strengthen governance. By supporting WZWF 2025, PPZ-MAIWP reaffirms its role not only in serving the Federal Territories but also in helping to shape the global direction of zakat and waqf. Looking Ahead The Sponsorship Handover Ceremony marked the beginning of the final stretch of preparations towards October’s landmark gathering in Kuching. With strong institutional backing, WZWF 2025 promises to be a dynamic platform for new ideas, deeper collaboration, and renewed commitment to the role of zakat and waqf in building a just and sustainable world. As the countdown to WZWF 2025 begins, PPZ-MAIWP stands ready to play its part in ensuring that Malaysia continues to lead, contribute, and inspire in the global zakat and waqf movement.

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Islamic Social Finance and Elderly Care: Insights from the FGD by IIiBF

  • August 26, 2025
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Kuala Lumpur | 25 August 2025 – Malaysia, like many nations, is facing the reality of a rapidly ageing population. By 2030, one in six Malaysians is projected to be aged 60 or above. With this demographic shift comes pressing questions: how do we ensure dignity, care, and sustainability for our elderly? And what role can Islamic social finance play in addressing these challenges? These questions formed the heart of a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on “Islamic Social Finance Solutions in Addressing Challenges in Elderly Care in Malaysia,” organised at IBIS Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, with support from the Islamic Economics Research and Innovation Fund (IERIF). The session brought together researchers, practitioners, and Shariah experts to critically assess emerging ideas and refine proposed solutions. The Objectives of the Study The research underpinning the FGD is ambitious and timely. Its goals are fourfold: Identify the socioeconomic impact of Malaysia’s ageing society. Review current policy gaps in elderly care provisions. Assess the effectiveness of existing Islamic social finance mechanisms in addressing elderly care. Propose innovative solutions that are both practical and Shariah-compliant. With healthcare costs rising and family support systems shifting due to urbanisation and economic pressures, the need for structured, sustainable support for the elderly has never been greater. Exploring the Role of Zakat and Islamic Social Finance A key focus of the discussion was how Islamic social finance instruments — particularly zakat, waqf, and sadaqah — can be mobilised for elderly care. Several issues were debated: Zakat eligibility: Can elderly care centres, and by extension their residents, be supported under asnaf categories such as faqir and miskin? Governance and trust: How can zakat institutions ensure transparency and accountability if they allocate funds for senior care? Integration with waqf: Could waqf properties or investments be structured to generate continuous funding for elderly care centres? Sadaqah and CSR: How might voluntary contributions complement institutional zakat and waqf support? What emerged from these discussions was the recognition that Islamic social finance has the potential to provide not only short-term relief, but also long-term sustainability if managed with professionalism and foresight. Our Role as Expert Reference We are humbled to participate as one of the expert references in this FGD, representing the knowledge and institutional perspective of AZKA-PPZ. Our contributions centred on the practical realities of zakat management, the evolving expectations of zakat payers, and the importance of aligning any new solutions with Shariah principles while ensuring operational feasibility. It was particularly meaningful to share insights on how zakat has already been utilised in certain contexts for elderly care and to highlight the need for national-level guidance so that such initiatives can be harmonised across states. Building Towards Practical Outcomes What makes this FGD significant is its applied orientation. Rather than remaining at the level of theory, the session sought realistic feedback from experts to refine proposed financial models. By the end, it was clear that the research team intends to shape outcomes that can influence both policy frameworks and institutional practice. Among the innovative ideas explored were hybrid models that combine zakat allocations with waqf-based investments, enabling the creation of elderly care facilities that are both financially sustainable and socially impactful. A Shared Responsibility Caring for the elderly is more than just a policy challenge; it is a moral and spiritual responsibility. In Islam, respect and care for parents and the elderly is deeply enshrined, and institutions must ensure that this value translates into action. Islamic social finance offers tools that can bridge the gap between community values and modern welfare needs. Conclusion The Focus Group Discussion on Islamic social finance and elderly care was an important step in reimagining how zakat and related instruments can address one of the most urgent challenges of our time. For AZKA-PPZ, participation in such initiatives underscores its commitment to advancing zakat knowledge, policy, and practice in ways that are responsive to evolving social realities. By contributing expertise and institutional experience, AZKA-PPZ continues to strengthen the role of zakat as a catalyst for community empowerment and sustainable welfare. The insights gathered from this FGD will not only inform the research team’s final outputs but also open pathways for zakat institutions to play a greater role in ensuring that Malaysia’s elderly are cared for with dignity, compassion, and sustainability.

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WEBINAR @ KIAS: ISLAM MEMBENTUK CARA FIKIR

  • August 24, 2025
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 WEBINAR ISLAM MEMBENTUK CARA FIKIR  Penceramah:USTAZ MUHAMMAD MUJAHID BIN MOHAMMAD FADZILPensyarah, Fakulti Usuluddin dan Al-Quran & Sunnah (FUQS)  Tarikh: 26 Ogos 2025 (Selasa) Masa: 11.30 pagi Platform: Facebook Live (https://www.facebook.com/kiasnilampuri)  Peserta akan menerima e-Sijil Pautan pendaftaran akan diberikan pada hari webinar berlangsung Anjuran Bersama: Perpustakaan KIAS | Akademi Zakat PPZ | Fakulti Usuluddin dan Al-Quran & Sunnah Lets Watch Siaran rakaman di bawah: https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=3344785749009159

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WEBINAR@PSNZ: SEMBANG ILMU SIRI 1/2025 – TENAGA ELEKTRIK DAN TARIF: APA KITA PERLU TAHU?

  • August 24, 2025
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Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa Perpustakaan Sultanah Nur Zahirah, UMT dengan kerjasama AZKA-PPZ MAIWP akan menganjurkan Program Sembang Ilmu sepertimana ketetapan berikut: Tarikh : 25 Ogos 2025 (Isnin)Masa : 02.30 petang – 04.30 petangTempat : AZKA Corner, PSNZKaedah : Live Facebook Perpustakaan Sultanah Nur Zahirah (https://www.facebook.com/OfficialPSNZ)Penceramah : PM Ts. Dr. Ahmad Nazri bin Dagang, Timbalan Dekan (Bakat dan Penyelidikan), FTKKModerator : Dr. Siti Norbakyah binti Jabar, Pensyarah, FTKK Sehubungan itu, pihak kami berbesar hati untuk menjemput YBhg. Dato’ /Prof./Prof. Madya/Dr./Tuan/Puan untuk menyertai program ini secara bersemuka atau dalam talian serta mengambil manfaat daripada perkongsian ilmu yang akan disampaikan. * e-sijil disediakan* Kehadiran ke program ini dikira jam latihan (staf UMT) & Merit MyStar (pelajar UMT) Kerjasama dan komitmen pihak YBhg Dato’/Prof/Prof. Madya/Dr./Tuan/Puan dalam menjayakan program ini amat kami hargai dan didahului dengan ucapan terima kasih. Lets Watch Siaran rakaman di bawah: https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=752664404287616

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Extended Urban Poverty Study: Strengthening Zakat Research and Policy

  • August 21, 2025
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Kuala Lumpur | 21 August 2025 – Urban poverty has long been one of the pressing realities of modern Malaysia. Behind the gleaming skylines and economic progress, there are pockets of families in the city struggling with the rising cost of living, unstable incomes, and the challenges of making ends meet. For zakat institutions, this reality presents both an obligation and an opportunity: to ensure that the system not only provides relief, but also paves the way for empowerment and long-term transformation. It is within this context that the Akademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ) team took part in the Extended Urban Poverty Study discussion on 21 August 2025. This session built upon earlier research efforts to better understand the socio-economic realities of the urban poor, while also moving the conversation forward with new initiatives and collaborations. From Initial Findings to Deeper Insights The earlier phases of the urban poverty study helped outline key dimensions of the issue: the profiles of affected households, the financial pressures they face, and the social dynamics that shape their vulnerabilities. It became clear that the challenge of miskin bandar is not just about insufficient income. It is about housing affordability, access to quality education, health costs, and the rising price of basic necessities. Zakat, in this context, has proven to be an important safety net. Yet, the discussions at the session also highlighted that zakat must go beyond immediate distribution. It needs to become a lever for empowerment — helping the poor build capacities, develop income streams, and eventually move from being recipients to becoming contributors. Towards a New Research Collaboration One of the significant outcomes of the session was the agreement to embark on a new collaborative research project with Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), through the Institute of Wealth Management and Islamic Finance (IFWMI). This collaboration will focus on developing a scholarly and policy-oriented book titled:“Transforming Asnaf into Zakat Payers Among the Urban Poor.” The vision behind this publication is ambitious yet necessary. By blending theoretical perspectives with empirical research, the book aims to explore how zakat can play a transformative role. It will document practical strategies, assess real-world programmes, and recommend policy directions that could enable asnaf households to break out of the poverty cycle and eventually join the community of zakat payers. For the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur — a hub of urban migration and economic opportunity, but also stark inequality — this research will provide timely and critical insights. AZKA-PPZ’s Role and Commitment As the research and knowledge arm of PPZ-MAIWP, AZKA-PPZ plays a central role in bridging theory and practice. The Extended Urban Poverty Study reaffirms this mandate. By participating in the session, the AZKA team not only contributed institutional perspectives but also positioned itself as a facilitator of knowledge that can inform both academic debates and policy decisions. The broader mission is clear: to ensure that zakat is not only managed with efficiency and accountability, but also guided by knowledge, research, and long-term vision. Empowerment is at the heart of this mission, and studies such as this provide the evidence base to design impactful programmes. Looking Ahead The Extended Urban Poverty Study and the forthcoming collaboration with USIM mark an important step in Malaysia’s zakat journey. It is a move from relief to empowerment, from distribution to transformation. The hope is that this work will not remain on paper alone. It should translate into policies, programmes, and initiatives that genuinely uplift urban asnaf families — enabling them to stand on their own feet, contribute to society, and even join the ranks of zakat payers themselves. For AZKA-PPZ, the journey continues. Each study, each collaboration, and each reflection brings us closer to a zakat ecosystem that is professional, relevant, and impactful. One that does not simply alleviate poverty, but helps to end it. Importantly, this extended study builds on AZKA-PPZ’s earlier work. Previously, AZKA-PPZ published the book “Penanda Aras (Threshold) Miskin Bandar di Wilayah Persekutuan”, which serves as the original baseline study for understanding urban poverty. The publication can be freely downloaded here: https://azka.zakat.com.my/2025/penanda-aras-threshold-miskin-bandar-di-wilayah-persekutuan/.

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